Liver X Receptors (lxrs): Transcriptional Regulators of Macrophage Cholesterol Metabolism

Liver X receptors (LXRα and LXRβ) are oxysterol-activated nuclear receptors. These sterolresponsive transcription factors regulate the expression of genes involved in intestinal cholesterol absorption and conversion of cholesterol to bile acids [1]. Since the macrophage plays an important role in host defense and immuno-inflammatory responses, particular interest has been paid to the role of LXRs in the control of macrophage gene expression and function. Altered macrophage functions contribute to the pathogenesis of many infectious, immunological and inflammatory disease processes, including atherosclerosis. Research reported over the last few years revealed important roles for LXRs in macrophage inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis with consequences in atherosclerosis development.